The head of Amnesty International Australia has written to both the Israeli and the Hamas leadership to urge an immediate end to the violence in the Gaza Strip and Southern Israel.

In letters to Hamas Political Bureau Head Khaled Mesh'al and to Israel's Ambassador to Australia Mr Yuval Rotem, Amnesty International Australia's National Director Claire Mallinson expressed grave concern at the escalating conflict.

She called upon the Israeli Government to lift the blockade of Gaza and resume humanitarian assistance. She also called upon Hamas to end indiscriminate rocket attacks on Israeli population centres.

Amnesty International Australia urged both sides to end attacks on civilians and abide by the requirements of international human rights and humanitarian law, including not using military tactics in civilian areas as this endangers civilians.

Further, Ms Mallinson called for both sides to establish a humanitarian truce so as to allow humanitarian aid to enter Gaza and to be distributed to the civilian population, and for damaged infrastructure to be repaired.

She urged respect for medical personnel and ambulances at all times and immediate and unrestricted access for humanitarian workers, human rights workers and journalists.

Ms Mallinson also urged both sides to work towards establishing without delay a thorough, independent and impartial investigation of abuses of international human rights and humanitarian law. This investigation should include Israeli attacks which have been directed at civilians or civilian buildings in the Gaza Strip, and Palestinian armed groups' rocket attacks directed at Israeli population centres.

"Evidence of war crimes and crimes against humanity is mounting daily," said Ms Mallinson.

"There must be full accountability for such crimes. Where appropriate, states must be ready to initiate criminal investigations and carry out prosecutions before their own courts if the evidence warrants it."

Amnesty International has also called for human rights monitors to be dispatched to Gaza and southern Israel with a mandate to investigate and report on breaches of international human rights and humanitarian law by all parties.