India continued to supply arms to Israel despite the substantial risk they could be used in its ongoing genocide against Palestinians in the occupied Gaza Strip, Amnesty International said in a new report.
- Ammunition, parts and accessories exported to Israeli forces
- At least 2,596 shipments of weapons to Israel since 7 October 2023
- Companies directly owned and controlled by state of India identified
Made in India: The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel documents how the Government of India has forged a close and profitable partnership with the Israeli defence sector and has become a significant contributor to the supply chains that support Israel’s military operations.
The report uses shipment-level trade data between India and Israel to reveal how Indian weapons, ammunition, parts and components have been shipped to large Israeli companies that supply the Israeli military. Companies that are directly owned and controlled by the state of India are also identified in the report.
The report’s findings make clear that India’s defence partnership with Israel is not isolated. Australia is among the other countries that also maintain defence and arms industry ties with Israel and have similarly continued to risk complicity by remaining a key participant in the manufacture and supply of defence materiel.
Australia plays a significant role in the global supply chain for F-35 combat jet components. These aircraft have been used by Israeli forces in airstrikes on designated safe zones in Gaza; strikes that have resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of civilians. As one of a limited number of countries involved in manufacturing these components, Australia’s continued involvement raises serious concerns about its potential complicity in war crimes, genocide, and other grave violations of international law being committed in Gaza.
As a State Party to the Arms Trade Treaty, Australia is required to ensure that Australian-made arms and components are not transferred where there is a clear risk they could be used to commit or facilitate serious violations of international humanitarian or human rights law. Given Israel’s ongoing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, Australia, India and other countries must uphold their obligations under international law, by halting the transfer of arms and components that could contribute to violations.
Made in India: The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel Report
Amnesty International investigators analysed 2,596 shipments of weapons, ammunition, parts and components shipped from India to Israel since 7 October 2023. Records indicate that Indian companies have supplied at least 390,516 small arms parts for military grade weapons, 564,970 parts of explosive ordnance (such as drone warheads, artillery shell casings and others), and 298 components of military vehicles to large Israeli companies that are direct suppliers to the Israeli military.
Amnesty International systematically excluded data shipments which may have been destined for civilian use. Amnesty International also excluded weapons, parts and ammunition that are likely used for anti-missile defence technology, which has often been used to defend civilians from indiscriminate attacks.
Amnesty International analysed India’s national legal framework around arms transfers and its compliance with international law and standards. The organization found critical structural failures, including a lack of explicit requirement for human rights due diligence to prevent military goods from being used in violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law (IHL), and insufficient transparency resulting in an unaccountable export process.
India abstained in the vote for the adoption of the ATT in April 2013. Since then, it has not signed or acceded to the ATT. It is vital that India accede to the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) as a first step in bringing its export control regulations into line with international law on arms transfers.
As a part of their obligation to respect and ensure respect for IHL, all states are prohibited from transferring or permitting private actors to transfer weapons to a party to an armed conflict – whether a state or non-state armed group – where there is a clear risk that this would contribute to the commission of IHL violations.
Corporate actors involved in the transfer of weapons to Israel may also contribute to IHL violations. Moreover, where companies and their personnel were aware of the substantial likelihood that said weapons would be used to commit crimes under international law, possible criminal responsibility may arise.
In June and July 2026, Amnesty International wrote to the State of India and the nine companies named, detailing the report’s findings. At the time of publication, no response had been received.
Weaponry identified
Following Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups’ crimes against humanity committed during their attacks on Israel on October 7 2023, Israel has been engaging in a brutal and destructive campaign in the Gaza Strip, amounting to an ongoing genocide against Palestinians and has continued its military operations and unlawful practices, including its active support to rampant settler violence in the West Bank. This takes place in the context of Israel’s decades-long unlawful occupation of the Palestinian territory and system of apartheid against Palestinians.
Israel has been enabled to carry out these crimes and international law violations by the almost uninterrupted supplies of weapons and munitions from a number of key states, including the US and Germany, as well as the transit of arms through Slovenia and France, to Israel, which Amnesty International has documented.
Amnesty International identified India’s exports of weapons and ammunition, including parts and accessories, to Israel using items categorized under the internationally recognized Harmonized System codes (HS Code) 93+ and 8710+.
The HS code 93+ is a broad category that includes most types of arms and ammunition, as well as parts and accessories. The HS code 8710+ includes armoured fighting and tracked vehicles, and related parts.
Amnesty International identified at least 2,596 shipments of arms, parts and ammunition exported from India to Israel between 7 October 2023 and 30 November 2025. These include: machine gun components for weapons deployed by Israeli forces in Gaza; 155mm high explosive artillery shells supplied to Elbit Systems; explosive warheads for the Skystriker loitering munition similar to those identified from debris in Khan Younis, Gaza; and armoured vehicle components destined for the main suppliers of the Israeli military.
Amnesty International believes that some Indian companies could risk complicity with crimes under international law and other serious human rights violations committed by Israel through their business relationship with Israeli companies that directly supply the Israeli military.
Amnesty International analysed exports from several Indian companies including: PLR Systems Private Limited, who manufacture parts for machine guns and is a joint venture between Adani Defence & Aerospace and Israel Weapon Industries; Indo MIM Private Limited, who manufacture firearm components; Kalyani Systems Private Limited, who manufacture artillery rounds and casings and is a subsidiary of Bharat Forge; the state-owned Munitions India Limited, who manufacture high-explosive artillery rounds; and Alpha Elsec Defence & Aerospace Systems Private Limited who manufacture explosive warheads and is a joint venture between Alpha Design Technologies and Elbit Systems.
Israeli companies that ordered and received weaponry include Elbit Systems, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd and Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd which are known for their contribution to Israel’s violations of international human rights law and IHL. In 2025, Amnesty International called for all States and private entities to cease all business activities with these firms, or “risk complicity in the crimes against humanity of apartheid, genocide, and other crimes under international law”.
Amnesty International has long called for a comprehensive arms embargo on Israel that covers the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer of arms and military material, including related technologies, parts and components, technical assistance, training, financial or other assistance until the companies involved can demonstrate they are not contributing to Israel’s unlawful occupation or its crimes under international law.
The State of India – and Indian companies supplying weapons, ammunition, parts or components – must immediately cease all transfers of arms and ammunition, including parts and components, to Israel.
“By knowingly allowing the transfer of arms to Israel, India stands in clear violation of its duty to prevent genocide under the Genocide Convention and its obligation to ensure respect for the Geneva Conventions,”
Agnès Callamard
“By knowingly allowing the transfer of arms to Israel, India stands in clear violation of its duty to prevent genocide under the Genocide Convention and its obligation to ensure respect for the Geneva Conventions,” said Agnès Callamard.
“If a company identifies that the products it sold may have contributed to human rights abuses against Palestinians in Gaza, it should provide for or cooperate in a remediation process to any persons harmed as a result.”
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